A Continuing Covenant
Devotions for Growing Christians
A Continuing Covenant
2 Samuel 7:12-16 - The LORD declares to you that the LORD himself will establish a house for you: 12 When your days are over and you rest with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring to succeed you, who will come from your own body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He is the one who will build a house for my Name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be his father, and he will be my son. When he does wrong, I will punish him with the rod of men, with floggings inflicted by men. 15 But my love will never be taken away from him, as I took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before you.16 Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever.
Psalm 89:3-4, 33-37 - You said, “I have made a covenant with my chosen one, I have sworn to David my servant, 4’I will establish your line forever and make your throne firm through all generations... but I will not take my love from David, nor will I ever betray my faithfulness. 34 I will not violate my covenant or alter what my lips have uttered. Once for all, I have sworn by my holiness, and I will not lie to David,36 that his line will continue forever and his throne endure before me like the sun; 37 it will be established forever like the moon, the faithful witness in the sky.”
Background Notes
The Bible contains a number of covenants that God made with mankind. It is important to study and understand the biblical covenants - not only to understand their proper place in God’s overall program, but also because some of them are still valid today.
The Noahic Covenant (Genesis 9:1-17), for example, was made by God with Noah - and with the entire human race that would descend from Noah’s three sons and their wives. It is an important biblical covenant that forms the basis for human government. The Noahic Covenant gives mankind the authority and responsibility to set up governments that will protect the health and welfare of their citizens - even to the point of capital punishment for murder, because of the sanctity and value of human life. The Noahic Covenant has never been revoked or lifted, and it is verified by God in Romans 13:1-4. The stipulations of the Noahic Covenant will continue until the Lord returns.
On the other hand, the Mosaic Covenant, or the Old Testament Law, was not made with all mankind, and it is not in effect today. It was a conditional covenant, made with Moses and the Jewish people. The conditions of this covenant were dependent on whether or not the Jewish people would obey its laws and stipulations. And we know what happened. Because God’s people, the nation of Israel, broke the covenant, the Mosaic Covenant ended with Christ (Romans 10:4). Even though God’s moral stipulations of the Old Testament Law continue today under the Law of Christ, the ceremonial and civil laws of the Mosaic Covenant ended with Christ.
From these examples we see that there are significant differences in the biblical covenants that God made with mankind, and it’s important for us to determine not only the “what?” and the “with whom?,” but also the “how long?” of any biblical covenant.
What about the Davidic Covenant? 2 Samuel 7 gives us the account of a covenant that God made with King David and his descendants. David had wanted to build a House for the Lord to house the Ark of the Covenant, but God said that He had chosen Solomon, David’s son, to build the Temple. However, the Lord told David that He would build David a “house,” that is, a dynasty. And God said that David’s dynasty, throne and kingdom would last forever! (See 2 Samuel 7:13 & 16.)
Question: Is the Davidic Covenant still valid today? Answer: Yes! There is no king sitting on the throne of David now, because at this time the nation of Israel has temporarily been set aside from the place of God’s particular blessing. (See Romans 11.) However, the Lord Jesus Christ was born into the royal lineage of David (Matthew 1 & Luke 3), and He will literally reign from the His throne in Jerusalem when His future kingdom is established on earth.
In Psalm 89, Ethan the psalmist raised a question about the validity of the Davidic Covenant in his day. Did Israel’s defeat in battle mean that the Davidic Covenant, made by God with David and the Davidic line of kings, was somehow no longer in effect? Psalm 89 assures us of the permanent validity of the Davidic Covenant.
The prophet Hosea outlined God’s program for Israel from the captivity of the nation until its restoration in the future: “For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days” (Hosea 3: 4-5).
There is no king or prince or temple or priesthood in Jerusalem now (nor is there worship of pagan images, as in her past). But in the last days, Israel will be restored to the Lord. The Davidic throne will once again be established when the Lord returns to reign forever as King, in fulfilment of the Davidic Covenant.
In the words of Amos 9:11, the fallen dynasty of the house of David will be reinstated and rebuilt. James, the Lord’s half-brother, quoted this prophecy at the first Church Council in Jerusalem. “After this I will return and rebuild David’s fallen tent...that the remnant of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who bear My Name, says the Lord, who does these things...” (Acts 15:16-18). The question before the council was whether or not Gentiles who had become believers in the Lord Jesus must be circumcised, and must keep the Mosaic Law. Notice that James was not saying that the prophecy of Amos was being fulfilled at that time, and the Davidic dynasty was somehow being established in the Church. No! His point was that Gentiles should be included in the Church because the Davidic Covenant, which was still valid, included blessing for the Gentiles (even though it was made with Israel). God had not rescinded or abandoned His covenant with David and His program for Israel by incorporating Gentiles into the Church.
Background Notes for Psalm 89
In this royal psalm the Davidic Covenant is reviewed. The psalmist reiterates that it is an everlasting covenant, although there may be temporary delays before its complete fulfillment.
The title describes Psalm 89 as a maskil, or a contemplative poem, by Ethan the Ezrahite. 1 Chronicles 15:19 says that a singer named Ethan was appointed by King David to the ministry of music. However, the “Ethan” who wrote Psalm 89 was probably a descendant of the “Ethan” of David’s time, because the utter defeat of the king mentioned in verses 38-45 apparently took place some time after David’s reign.
Verses 41-45 indicate that the destruction and plunder was the result of a major defeat suffered by a king of the Davidic line. God was angry with His people. Judah’s strongholds were breached and plundered, many people were killed, and the king was removed. In biblical history, the only defeat in which all these disasters took place at the same time was the Babylonian conquest of Judah, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the resulting Babylonian captivity.
Ethan had a problem. He was unable to reconcile the provisions of the Davidic Covenant, in which God had promised that David’s dynasty would last forever, with this awful defeat and the removal of a king of David’s line.
But first, before he discussed his problem, Ethan praised the Lord for His loving kindness and faithfulness to His people (v1-2)! The fact that the early verses of the psalm are characterized by praise shows us that Ethan was not angry with God, nor was he a critic or a doubting skeptic of God’s Word. Ethan did the right thing. He brought his problem to the Lord - and he came to the Lord with the right attitude!
In verses 3-4, Ethan moved on to remind the Lord of the covenant He made with David. As he introduced the subject of the Davidic Covenant, notice that Ethan used the very words that God spoke to David. “I have made a covenant with My chosen one; I have sworn to David My servant; I will establish your line forever and make your throne firm through all generations”(v3-4). 2 Samuel 7:8-17 gives us the account of the making of the Davidic Covenant, when God sent the prophet Nathan to King David to declare His covenant.
Doctrinal / Teaching Points
1. The Davidic Covenant rests on the character of God.
In Psalm 89:5-18 the poet Ethan moved on to praise the Lord for his holy character. What is the connection between the Davidic Covenant and the character of God? The validity of God’s covenant with David rests on the solid foundation of the character of God.
Some of the attributes of God are given in verses 5-8. The “holy ones” and “sons of the mighty” are the holy angels who praise the Lord for His faithfulness, His might, and His supremacy. In verses 9-14, the Lord is praised for His works: His mighty work of creation and His mighty works of victory for His people. As in Psalm 87:4, the term Rahab (v10) is another name for Egypt. The victory mentioned here is the Lord’s victory over Pharaoh, and the victorious exodus of His people Israel from Egypt. Verses 15-18 extol the wonderful character of God for the blessings His people experience, and the joy they experience as a result.
“Righteousness and justice are the foundation of Your throne; Love and faithfulness go before You” (v14). This verse sums up four wonderful aspects of the character of God -- His righteousness, His justice, His love and His faithfulness. These attributes form the unshakable foundation upon which God’s covenants are firmly based.
The Lord’s love and faithfulness are mentioned seven times in this psalm! What a great section of Scripture, describing the perfect character of our God!
2. The Davidic Covenant remains, in spite of the character of man.
In verses 19-37, Ethan reviewed the promises of the Davidic Covenant. First, he mentioned God’s selection of David to rule over His people, and God’s promises of power, success and blessing for David. God promised that David would be the “firstborn” - the royal son of highest privilege, position and honor above all the kings of the earth (v27). Finally, the promise that David’s dynasty would last forever is reiterated. The promise of an eternal dynasty is fulfilled in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was born in the royal line of David.
If the promise of an everlasting earthly reign is to be fulfilled literally (as intended in the Davidic Covenant), the Davidic throne must be reestablished here on earth. Our Lord’s present heavenly throne and spiritual reign over the hearts of believers in the Church is not a fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant! The throne of David will be reestablished - literally - on earth when Jesus Christ returns.
Verses 30-37 are very important. The Lord has sworn that the David’s lineage and throne would continue forever (v36), and the Lord does not lie (v35)! The present dependable faithfulness of the sun and moon are used to illustrate that God will be faithful to His covenant with David and his descendants. The Lord promised that the Davidic Covenant was everlasting and unconditional. It would not be canceled out, even if the descendants of King David turned away from the Lord, as many of them did. Although the Lord would have to discipline the offenders, the covenant would remain, for the Lord will never betray His faithfulness!
The Davidic Covenant remains in effect today, and it will be completely fulfilled when the Lord returns. The Davidic Covenant is a continuing covenant.
Practical Application
Keep praying, even when you don’t fully understand.
In view of the promises of the Davidic Covenant, Ethan the psalmist had a problem understanding why God had allowed a humiliating defeat of a king in the line of David. So Ethan did the right thing - he brought his problem to the Lord in prayer! And he kept on praying, even when he didn’t understand what God was doing.
And so should we! Do you have questions about life and death (v46-48)? Do you have questions about God’s promises (v49)? Do you have questions about what God is allowing to happen in your life (v50-51)? Do you have questions? Bring your questions before the Lord in prayer, with praise and thanks to Him for the blessings he has given.
And keep on asking! Like Ethan, we can trust the Lord to be true to His promises, and thus we too can close our prayers with the doxology of verse 52: “Praise be to the LORD forever and ever. Amen and Amen.”
- Dave Reid